IB342 Crossword
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
 
 
Down: 1) gain energy; net energy an animal gets is the benefits minus the costs; benefits must outweigh the costs2) advaned type of sociality with sterile castes4) abundance in medium sized mussels; non-random eating; focus on the larger, but still eat other sizes; lesser availability or larger forces eating of smaller ones5) how much does an individual seek to be near other individuals7) evolved toxin in skin; Tetrodotoxin (TTX) paralyses nerves and muscles, blocking sodium channels; could kill a horse8) most famous evolutionary scientist since Darwin11) a behavior that is normally adaptive is used in a context that is similar to what it usually is used in, but not the same12) search time; pursuit time; capture success; handling time13) any behavior that enchances fitness of another individual at the cost of a reduction in fitness of the individual performing the behavior14) help those who are related; “I help you because we are related; I help you pass on my genes”16) W.D. Hamilton; Selfish interest as being in a group; improve odds; first to be attacked are on the outside17) birds choose to forage in flocks when there is enough food to live off of; birds choose to forage alone when in need of larger amounts of food18) 10 fish with 3 sizes of Daphnia (crustacean, food source); 20, 200, 350 daphnia in three studies; as the amount of Daphnia increase, the fish became more selective as to eat the larger Daphnia, but still ate some of the others22) modern day analogy for predator and prey mutating in an attempt to best the other; constant struggle goes on and on27) generally the success at passing on genes29) male lions commit infanticide if they take over a pride; females hunt to reduce risk to males because they want the males there as long as possible to reduce risk of infanticide32) reduces diploid (2N) to haploid (N) Across: 3) Co-operative Hunting, more searching (rate of discovery of food should increase) 6) tails when pulled; tail wiggles, jumps, burrows after detached; when full size tail is not there, prey is more vulnerable to predators9) reaction to a risky situation10) might be adaptive; individuals that exhibit correlated behaviors have higher fitness15) flocking, herding; harder to pick out an individual when they are in a group19) agonistic behavior of a focal individual towards a conspecific20) poisonous or dangerous prey use bright colors to tell predator not to mess with them; some predators are naïve and still attack, may be fatal to prey21) blending in with surrounding; sometimes involves being immobile23) how much an animal should take during foraging and how much should it leave behind24) family of bees and wasps and ants; females are diploid, males are haploid25) foraging animals are at a greater risk for predation than those who aren’t foraging (not looking for predators); less time spent doing other things such as looking for mate26) In bigger groups there are more there so you are more likely to spot predators than an individual on its own28) be rare; when prey is more abundant, the predator becomes more effective at detection as a result of experience (sees the prey so much)30) variation; animals can vary even if everything else (age, sex, etc) is the same31) the behavior must involve some advantage to the performer33) are context specific; work in some situations but not all; Skunks and Porcupines (chemical and mechanical defense) – neither avoid by fleeing; stand their ground, cars on roads result in death34) willingness to enter/explore a novel environment or object35) Terrestrial Vegetation, much more energy intake, but poor source of sodium; get sodium from water plants, but water freezes; get sodium from road salt during winter36) based entirely on successful pride take over37) fastest and strongest swim towards predator to inspect it; inspectors have a higher success rate of living than those who do not inspect; females prefer to mate with inspectors38) the animal who varies on top will remain on top39) fish spent time in their prey dense areas with no predation risk; when simulated predator is added, fish spend time eating in less dense prey areas; behavior change40) will preferentially extract whatever they are lacking in their diet from their prey
 

 

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