IB342 Crossword
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
 
 
Down: 2) generally the success at passing on genes3) fitness from direct descendants (having kids) plus fitness from helping relatives produce indirect descendants (newphews/neices)4) are context specific; work in some situations but not all; Skunks and Porcupines (chemical and mechanical defense) – neither avoid by fleeing; stand their ground, cars on roads result in death6) Darwin talked about interaction of predator and prey; prey avoids getting capture, predator attempts to capture7) behavior of a single individual9) how much does an individual seek to be near other individuals10) gain energy; net energy an animal gets is the benefits minus the costs; benefits must outweigh the costs11) how much an animal should take during foraging and how much should it leave behind12) foraging animals are at a greater risk for predation than those who aren’t foraging (not looking for predators); less time spent doing other things such as looking for mate13) a harmless species comes to mimic the signals of a harmful species; Viceroy looks like Monarch butterfly, but not toxic; Must stay around Monarchs to encounter same predators14) family of bees and wasps and ants; females are diploid, males are haploid16) reduces diploid (2N) to haploid (N)17) evolved toxin in skin; Tetrodotoxin (TTX) paralyses nerves and muscles, blocking sodium channels; could kill a horse18) any behavior that enchances fitness of another individual at the cost of a reduction in fitness of the individual performing the behavior19) most famous evolutionary scientist since Darwin21) pay the cost for some other individual; “I help you now if you help me in the future”25) reaction to a risky situation26) a behavior that is normally adaptive is used in a context that is similar to what it usually is used in, but not the same Across: 1) Lions; have very little chance of taking over a pride; never exceed groups of 35) Co-operative Hunting, more searching (rate of discovery of food should increase) 8) Births are synchronized; male cubs are likely to have related makes of the same age15) blending in with surrounding; sometimes involves being immobile20) sharing what is found with other group members22) agonistic behavior of a focal individual towards a conspecific23) modern day analogy for predator and prey mutating in an attempt to best the other; constant struggle goes on and on24) Eiders came to aid of Shoveler getting attacked by a Herring; Eiders protected Shovelers instead of own kind; behavior is not normally used27) produces a female28) indirect way to determine fitness of offspring (males that get to breed are the most fit, but the males who don’t get to breed at least get some fitness)29) the behavior must involve some advantage to the performer30) In bigger groups there are more there so you are more likely to spot predators than an individual on its own31) convergence; a lot of animals may converge on the same pattern of colors 32) poisonous or dangerous prey use bright colors to tell predator not to mess with them; some predators are naïve and still attack, may be fatal to prey33) success is higher in group34) advaned type of sociality with sterile castes35) tails when pulled; tail wiggles, jumps, burrows after detached; when full size tail is not there, prey is more vulnerable to predators36) pufferfish, some octopus, and some frogs have the same toxin the newts do (TTX)37) Terrestrial Vegetation, much more energy intake, but poor source of sodium; get sodium from water plants, but water freezes; get sodium from road salt during winter38) abundance in medium sized mussels; non-random eating; focus on the larger, but still eat other sizes; lesser availability or larger forces eating of smaller ones39) selection will favor altruistic behavior when the direct fitness cost (how many kids you give up) is less than the indirect fitness benefit (how many indirects you gain)
 

 

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