Anatomy 101 Crossword
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
 
 
Down: 1) Triangular sesamoid bone enclosed in a tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle  Secures the quadriceps muscles of the anterior thigh to the tibia  Protects the knee joint and improves the leverage of the thigh muscles acting across the knee.2) Bones that are thin flattened and a bit curved. ex. Sternum, Scapular, ribs, most skull bones.3) by interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates during childhood and youth. Stop lengthening when bones of epiphyses and diaphysis fuse.about age 18 in females . 21 in males.4) Repeated segment in myofibril from Z‐disc to Z‐disc Basic unit of contraction in sceletal muscel5) O: Humerus(anterior distal 2/3) I: Ulna A: Flexes forearm at elbow joint. Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint: Anterior6) Form endochondral bones, or replacement bones. All bones that are not membraneous bones. up to week 8 . of gestation. Embryonic skeleton consists only of hyaline cartilage. Eventually replaced by bone tissue.7)  site of muscle attachment.9) O: Femur A: Extends knee10) Secure bone to periosteum. Long Bone*11) a neuron with specific muscle fibers it innervates • Muscle fibers • Motor neurons • Cell bodies lie in spinal cord • Axons project to target muscles15) Dense irregular connective tissue . Resist outward expansion upon pressure . Site of growth and repair of cartilage- cells can differentiate into chondrocytes. 16) Expanded ends of long bones. Compact bone in exterior. Spongy bone in interior. Long Bones *17) passage for internal carotid artery18) Prolapsed disk or slipped disk. Result of physical trauma to spine. Rupture of anulus fibrosus and protrusion of nucleus pulposus. Aging. loss of elasticity in nucleus propulsus Weakening and tearing of annulus fibrosus Symptoms pain & numbness. Treatment Moderate exercise,physical heat therapy,massage , pain killers. Surgical removal of herniated disk with bone graphs placed to fuse vertebrae.20) O: Ilium I: Tibia A: Flexes thigh, extends knee.22) only thin filaments23) Forms most of the posterior wall and base of the skull.Has major markings : Occipital condyles - which articulates with the first vertebrae.28) Forms posteroinferior region of the coxal bone (L-shaped)  Anteriorly – joins the pubis  Ischial tuberosities – the strongest part of the hip bone. (what you sit on)29) Articulates withe the temporal bone to form temporo mandibular joint,33) •Branched cells •Uni‐ or binucleated •Striated •Form wall of the heart •Involuntary35) Bones that are longer than they are wide. Proximal Epiphyses and distal. Diaphysis, Distal Epiphysis, Articular Cartilage, Ephyseal Line,Medullary/Marrow cavity,Periosteum,Endosteum,Sharpey's fibers.These bones are highly vascularized and metabolically very active. ex. Humerous36) Dense outer layer is smooth to the naked eye. No medullary. No Diaphysis, or Epiphyses.Contain bone marrow between the trabeculae.Osteon - is the structual unit of compact bones. Compact Bones contain: Osteon, Lamella Haversian or Central Canal and Volkmann's or Perforating Canals. Ex. Skull bones.37) Maintain bone tissue. Mature osteoblasts .39) Forms the heel of the foot  Carries the talus on its superior surface  Point of attachment for the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon of the calf muscles Across: 8) O: Cervical vertebrae I: Scapula (medial border superior to spine) Actions: • Elevates / adducts scapula • Inferiorly tilts glenoidcavity12) O: Zygomaticbone I: Skin & muscle at corner of mouth A: Smiling muscle13) Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint: Posterior.O: Long head from Scapula Lateral & medial heads from Humerus I: Olecranon of Ulna A: • Forearm extension • Assist in arm adduction14) O: Clavicle (lateral 1/3) & scapula (acromion & spine) I:Humerus A:‐Abduction (all fibers) ‐Flexes & medial rotates arm (anterior fibers) ‐Extends & lateral rotates arm (posterior fibers)19)  The humerus is the strongest bone of the arm (brachium)  It articulates with the scapula at the shoulder, and the radius and ulna at the elbow .Proximal humerus head, anatomical and surgical necks, greater and lesser tubercles (attachment for rotator cuff muscles)  Distal humerus capitulum, trochlea, olecranon fossa 21) All articulate ribs. Bodies have costal demifacets (for ribs ) Transverse processes have transverse facets. Spinous process project inferiorly. Articular facets orientated antero posteriorly.24) Rounded end of one bone protrudes into a “sleeve,” or ring of ligament • Rotation movement • Joint between atlas and dens of axis • Proximal radioulnarjoint (in pronation/supination movement)25) A:Unilaterally: rotates vertebral column to the opposite side; bilaterally: flexes vertebral column26) • Synergist muscles that help immobilize a bone or a muscle's origin • Rhomboids fix scapula so contraction of biceps will not pull scapula with it.27) Lie on the dorsal surface of the rib cage  Located between ribs 2-7  Have three borders  Superior, medial (vertebral), and lateral (axillary)  Have three angles  Lateral, superior, and inferior Note: superior, medial and lateral border. Coracoid process projects anteriorly (attachment for biceps muscle).Posterior surface bears a prominent spine (easily palpable). The spine ends in the acromion, which articulates with the clavicle.Glenoid cavity – very shallow fossa Articulation with the humerus forms the shoulder joint 30) Pectoral girdle, Upper Limb, Pelvic girdle, Lower Limb.31) surrounds and encloses all 3 groups of muscles like a support stocking.32) – major extensor of the thigh when force is needed: climbing stairs, running.O: Ilium, sacrum & coccyx I: Femur (gluteal tuberosity) & iliotibial tract A: Forceful extension of the thigh34) • Diameter is 10‐100 μm • Length ranges from a few to dozens of cm • Fused from hundreds of embryonic cells • Nuclei • Sarcolemma • Sarcoplasm • Glycosomes • Myoglobin • Mitochondria • Sarcoplasmicreticulum • Myofibril • Myofilaments • Sarcomere36) Attachment for dura mater.38) • Prime movers—closes lower jaw • Temporalis (T) •Masseter (M) • Innervated by CNV ‐ Trigeminal nerve40) O: Lumbar and thoracic vertebra (psoas) Ilium (iliacus) I: Femur (lesser trochanter) for both A: Flexes thigh41) • Pronation/Supination • Dorsiflexion/PlantarFlexion • Inversion/Eversion • Opposition/Reposition. 42) (thin filaments)43) exit for CN IX, X,XI, internal jugular vein44) • Directly under pectoralismajor O: Ribs I: Scapula (coracoid process) A: draws scapula (shoulder) forward and downward45) Articulates with all other facial bones except the mandible.46) • Muscles can only pull, not push • For every action there is an opposing (“undoing”) action47) Layer or plate of bone tissue. Contain collage fibers running in the same direction. -Compact Bone.48) • Temporomandibularjoint (TMJ) • Sternoclavicular • Shoulder • Elbow • Wrist • Hip • Ankle • Knee • Largest and most complex joint of the body • Allows flexion, extension, and some rotation while flexed and during extension • Three joints in one surrounded by a single joint cavity • Femoropatellar—plane joint—with patella gliding when knee bends • Lateral and medial tibiofemoraljoints –(bycondyloid) • At least a dozen bursae • Several capsular and extracapsularligaments
 

 

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