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Anatomy 101 Crossword
Special Characters:
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Down
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1) Borders • Sternum and costal cartilages • Ribs • Thoracic vertebrae Functions • Protection • Support • Muscle attachment • Breathing
2) • Synergist muscles that help immobilize a bone or a muscle's origin • Rhomboids fix scapula so contraction of biceps will not pull scapula with it.
3) O: Lumbar and thoracic vertebra (psoas) Ilium (iliacus) I: Femur (lesser trochanter) for both A: Flexes thigh
4) O: Ischial tuberosity & femur I: Fibula A: Extends thigh & flexes knee
5) Articulateswithallothercranialbones • Body • SellaTurcica • SphenoidSinuses(paired) • Lesserwings • Greaterwings • Pterygoidprocess Opticcanals–passageof CNII • Superiororbitalfissures– PassageofCNIII,IV,V,VI • Foramenrotundum–CNV • Foramenovale–CNV
6) O: Ilium) I: Tibia A: flexes, laterally rotates thigh, flexes knee
7) Zygomatic process External acoustic meatus Styloid process Mastoid process • Forms middle cranial fossa Contains • Jugular foramen (JF) – exit for CN IX, X,XI, internal jugular vein • Carotid canal (CC) – passage for internal carotid artery • Internal acoustic meatus (IAM) – exit for CN VII, VIII
10) Contain no blood vessels or nerves . Three types : Hyaline, fibrocartlage and elastic. All CONTAIN cells called Condrocytes. ( encased in lacunae containing ground substance.
12) Bones with complicated shapes. Ex. Vertebrae bone, hip bone,
13) • A spherical or hemispherical head of one bone articulates with a cuplike socket of another • Multiaxialjoints—most freely moving • Shoulder joints • Hip joints
14) DOES NOT COVER joint surfaces.Insertion points for tendons & ligaments. Inner- Osteogenic: Osteoblasts (bone forming ) Outer : Dense irregular CT.;Rich nerve and blood supply. Long Bone *
20) Yellow Bone marrow. No bone tissue. Long Bone*
21) Forms posteroinferior region of the coxal bone (L-shaped) Anteriorly – joins the pubis Ischial tuberosities – the strongest part of the hip bone. (what you sit on)
26) •Elongated w/ tapered ends •Uninucleated •Non‐striated •Form wall of hollow organs •Involuntary
27) SUPPORT AND PROTECT- form the framework that supports the body and provide a protective case for the brain, spinal cord, and vital organs movement. MOVEMENT-provide leavers for muscles . MINERAL STORAGE - Reservoir for minerals , especially calcium and phosphorus. BLOOD CELL FORMATION - Hematopoiesis occurs within the marrow cavities of bones
31) Covers Trabeculae of spongy bone. Line central canals of osteons. Osteogenic. Long Bone*
33) • Red (lots of myoglobin) • Thin (not much power) • Rich supply of capillaries • Lots of mitochondria • Slow to contract • Fatigue resistant • Postural muscles in the back • Marathon run
35) Layer or plate of bone tissue. Contain collage fibers running in the same direction. -Compact Bone.
Across
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8) •Intermediate in diameter, contraction rate and fatigue resistance •Lots of myoglobin •Lots of mitochondria •Rich supply of capillaries •400‐800m run,
9) Bones that are thin flattened and a bit curved. ex. Sternum, Scapular, ribs, most skull bones.
11) (thick filaments)
15) Nose,Articular cartilage of a joint, Costal cartilage,Larynx,Trachea,Bronchi,External Ear,Epglottis, Pubic Symphysis,Intervertebral discs , Meniscus.
16) interlocking immovable fibrous joints .
17) O: Scapula (lateral border) I: Humerus (greater tubercle) A: Rotates arm laterally
18) O: Clavicle (lateral 1/3) & scapula (acromion & spine) I:Humerus A:‐Abduction (all fibers) ‐Flexes & medial rotates arm (anterior fibers) ‐Extends & lateral rotates arm (posterior fibers)
19) (internal and external obliques, transversus abdominis, and rectus abdominis),their fasciae, and their aponeuroses.Because the abdomen has no bony protection, strength is given to the abdominal wall by the layering of fascicles of these muscles running at right and oblique angles.
22) Secure bone to periosteum. Long Bone*
23) Perpendicular to the central canal connect blood and nerve supply from periosteum to central canal. -Compact bone.
24) The femur is the largest and strongest bone in the body It articulates proximally with the hip and distally with the tibia and fibula. Greater and Lesser Trochanters Lateral and Medial condyles and epicondyles
25) O: Body of mandible I: Skin & muscle at angle of mouth A: Draws corner of mouth downward & laterally
28) Resembles a hollow sphere, encloses and protects the brain. Provides attachment for head, and neck muscles.Calvaria, Cranial Base/Floor.Has eight bones : Frontal ,(2) parietal ,(2) temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid. 85 openings.
29) a neuron with specific muscle fibers it innervates • Muscle fibers • Motor neurons • Cell bodies lie in spinal cord • Axons project to target muscles
30) Skeleton of the foot: Tarsals (7 bones) Talus Calcaneus Metatarsals (5 bones) Phalanges (toes)
32) by interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates during childhood and youth. Stop lengthening when bones of epiphyses and diaphysis fuse.about age 18 in females . 21 in males.
34) O: Vertebra C7‐T5 I: Scapula (medial border from spine and below) A: Stabilizes scapula Retract scapula (with middle trapezius) Rotate scapula—glenoidcavity rotates downward
36) Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint: Posterior.O: Long head from Scapula Lateral & medial heads from Humerus I: Olecranon of Ulna A: • Forearm extension • Assist in arm adduction
37) of the hip and thigh extend the thigh and flex the leg (backswing phase of walking)
38) Arose from hematopoietic stem cells. Resorb and breakdown bone matrix, Take up collagen and dead osteocytes by phagocytosis. Old age.
39) –an organelle in muscle cells responsible for contraction • Bundles of myofilaments that run in parallel • 100s‐1000s myofibrils in each muscle fiber (muscle cell) • Account for 80% of cellular volume in a muscle cell • Give muscle cell banded appearance Muscle
40) Adding a little extra force to the same movement or • Reducing the undesirable movement • Making a fist without flexing wrist
41) Depends on how quickly (fast or slow) a fiber breaks down ATP to gain the energy needed for contraction • Slow oxidative fibers (Type I) • Fast oxidative fibers (Type IIa) • Fast glycolytic fibers (Type IIb)
42) Runs through each osteon. -Compact Bone.
43) Patellar Ligament • Intrinsic ligament • Continuation of tendon of quadriceps femorismuscle • Tapped for knee‐jerk reflex Collateral Ligaments • Extracapsular • Halt leg extension & prevent hyperextension • Prevent leg from lateral and medial movements Menisci (Lat. & Med.) • C‐shaped fibrocartilagediscs between femoral and tibialcondyles • Distribute compressive load and synovial fluid evenly and stabilize the joint CruciateLigaments (Ant. & Post.) • Intracapsularligaments • Run from tibia to femur • ACL is lateral and prevents tibia from sliding forward • PCL is medial and prevents tibia from sliding backward • Work together to lock the knee for standing
44) O: Ischial tuberosity I: Tibia A: Extends thigh, flexes knee
45) • Muscle cells are called fibers in skeletal and smooth muscles (cardiac muscle fibers are multi‐cellular) • Contraction depends on myofilaments – microfilaments of muscle cells , made of actin and myosin • Cell plasma membrane in muscle cell is sarcolemma • Cell cytoplasm in muscle cell is sarcoplasm
46) O: Body of mandible I: Skin & muscle of lower lip A: Draws lower lip down
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