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Down: 1) is the label given to a wide variety of Shī‘ī Islamic militant groups (ghulāt) that flourished in Anatolia and Kurdistan from the late 13th century onwards, some of which contributed to the foundation of the Safavid dynasty of Iran.2) is a rationale for intervention or colonization, proposing to contribute to the spread of civilization, mostly amounting to the Westernization of indigenous peoples.3) was a British economist whose ideas have fundamentally affected the theory and practice of modern macroeconomics, and informed the economic policies of governments4) was a meeting of Asian and African states, most of which were newly independent, which took place on April 18–24, 1955 in Indonesia. 6) was the German General Staff's early 20th century overall strategic plan for victory in a possible future war in which the German Empire might find itself fighting on two fronts: France to the west and Russia to the east. 7) a plan intended as an alternative model for economic growth to the Soviet model focusing on heavy industry that was advocated by others in the party. Under this economic program, the relatively small agricultural collectives which had been formed to date were rapidly merged into far larger people's communes, and many of the peasants were ordered to work on massive infrastructure projects and on the production of iron and steel. Some private food production was banned; livestock and farm implements were brought under collective ownership.8)  were two wars fought during 1880–1881 and 1899–1902 by the British Empire against the Dutch settlers of two independent African republics, the Orange Free State and the Transvaal Republic. 10) was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.11)  was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.12) a Vietnamese communist revolutionary leader who was prime minister (1945–1955) and president (1945–1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). He was a key figure in the foundation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945, as well as the People’s Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Việt Cộng (NLF or VC) during the Vietnam War.14) was a military conflict that took place in Kenya between 1952 and 196015) was a political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980s (1986), widely associated with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "openness") policy reform.16) was a Chinese communist revolutionary, and political theorist. The founding father of the People's Republic of China from its establishment in 1949, he governed the country as Chairman of the Communist Party of China until his death.17) a particular philosophy and practice within the broader overall category generally known as nonviolent resistance or civil resistance.18) was the American program to aid Europe, in which the United States gave economic support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to prevent the spread of Soviet Communism.19) was a lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan.20) was a massive civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864, against the ruling Manchu-led Qing Dynasty. 22) the monarchic, aristocratic, social and political system established in the Kingdom of France from approximately the 15th century until the later 18th century ("early modern France") under the late Valois and Bourbon dynasties25) stated that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent them from falling into the Soviet sphere26) a mutual defense treaty between eight communist states of Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War.27) was a series of repressive measures in the Soviet Union in the late 1930s.32)  was the third Mughal Emperor. He was of Timurid descent; the son of Emperor Humayun, and the grandson of the Mughal Emperor Zaheeruddin Muhammad Babur, the ruler who founded the Mughal dynasty in India. At the end of his reign in 1605 the Mughal empire covered most of northern and central India. He is most appreciated for having a liberal outlook on all faiths and beliefs and during his era, culture and art reached a zenith as compared to his predecessors.39)  is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949 Across: 5) was the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawaii. 9) was a German-Prussian soldier and military theorist who stressed the "moral" (in modern terms, psychological) and political aspects of war. 13) an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade.21) was a system of racial segregation enforced through legislation by the National Party (NP) governments, who were the ruling party from 1948 to 1994, of South Africa, under which the rights of the majority black inhabitants of South Africa were curtailed and white supremacy and Afrikaner minority rule was maintained.23) was a chain of events that restored imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji.24) The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of soldiers of the East India Company's army on 10 May 1857, in the town of Meerut, and soon escalated into other mutinies and civilian rebellions largely in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and the Delhi region.28) a gathering of 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations at the Mount Washington Hotel, situated in New Hampshire, United States, to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II.29) the widely held belief that American settlers were destined to expand across the continent30)  was the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics for much of the 20th century31) an oil cartel whose mission is to coordinate the policies of the oil-producing countries33) an international organization that was initiated in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference and formally created in 1945 by 29 member countries34) is a Japanese term referring to industrial and financial business conglomerates in the Empire of Japan, whose influence and size allowed control over significant parts of the Japanese economy from the Meiji period until the end of World War II.35) is a form of radical authoritarian nationalism[1][2] that came to prominence in mid-20th century Europe. 36) These were the climax of disputes over trade and diplomatic relations between China under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire.37) meaning reorganization of the Ottoman Empire, was a period of reformation that began in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 187638) was an anti-foreign, proto-nationalist movement by the Righteous Harmony Society (also known as I-ho-tuan or Yihetuan) in China between 1899 and 1901, opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity.40) was the occupation and annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938.41) had a separate assembly for each of the three estates, which were called and dismissed by the king. It had no true power in its own right—unlike the English parliament it was not required to approve royal taxation or legislation[1]—instead it functioned as an advisory body to the king, primarily by presenting petitions from the various estates and consulting on fiscal policy.
 

 

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