History Crossword
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1) or rights that belonged to all humans from birth. These included the right to life, liberty, and property.2) absolute ruler who used his or her power to bring about political and social change
3) an agreement by which they gave up their freedom for an organized society.
5) Believed that people in their natural state were basically good. This natural innocence, he felt, was corrupted by the evils of society, especially the unequal distribution of property. Felt that society placed too many limitations on people’s behavior.
8) Worked for years to produce a 28-volume set of books called the Encyclopedia. As the editor, Diderot did more than just compile articles. His purpose was “to change the general way of thinking” by explaining ideas on topics such as government, philosophy, and religion.
10) Scottish economist that greatly admired the physiocrats. In his influential work The Wealth of Nations, he argued that the free market should be allowed to regulate business activity. Smith tried to show how manufacturing, trade, wages, profits, and economic growth were all linked to the market forces of supply and demand.
13) New literature, the arts, science, and philosophy were regular topics of discussion.14) the best conscience of the people. The good of the community as a whole, he said, should be placed above individual interests.
15) Huge, colorful, and full of excitement. They glorified historic battles or the lives of saints. Such works matched the grandeur of European courts at that time.
16) rules discoverable by reason, govern scientific forces such as gravity and magnetism.
18) Had a more optimistic view of human nature. He thought people were basically reasonable and moral. further, they had certain natural rights. The best kind of government, he said, had limited power and was accepted by all citizens.
19) Outlined his ideas in a work titled Leviathan. In it, he argued that people were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish. If not strictly controlled, they would fight, rob, and oppress one another. Life in the “state of nature”—without laws or other control—would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” He also had people entered in to a social contract.
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4) a movement of the 18th century that stressed the belief that science and logic give people more knowledge and understand than tradition and religion.
6) government in which power is divided between the national, or federal, government and the states.7) which means “philosophers” who believed that the use of reason could lead to reforms of government, law, and society
9) an agreement by which they gave up their freedom for an organized society.
11) Used biting wit as a weapon to expose the abuses of his day. He targeted corrupt officials and idle aristocrats. With his pen, he battled inequality, injustice, and superstition. He detested the slave trade and deplored religious prejudice. Outspoken attacks offended both the French government and the Catholic Church. He was imprisoned and forced into exile. Even as he saw his books outlawed and even burned, he continued to defend the principle of freedom of speech.
12) school of French thinkers in the 18th cent. who evolved the first complete system of economics. They were also referred to simply as "the economists" or "the sect."
15) He advanced the idea of separation of powers—a foundation of modern democracy. Montesquieu felt that the best way to protect liberty was to divide the various functions and powers of government among three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial.
17) restricting access to ideas and information.
20) allowing business to operate with little or no government interference21) Art moved away from religion and, unlike the heavy splendor of the baroque, was lighter, elegant, and charming. Rococo art in salons was believed to encourage the imagination.
22) basic principle of the American system of government which asserts that the people are the source of any and all governmental power, and government can exist only with the consent of the governed.
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