Hist 200 part 3 Crossword
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
 
 
Special Characters:
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Down: 1) Became a great source of staying connected, they were cheap. Mass production of inexpensive became possible b/c of the power printing press. Famous for costing one cent compared to other papers that were around 6cents. Revolutionized by making news accessible and middle class citizens for a reasonable price. 2) Highly efficient, becomes the best thing in the world. Japan duplicated Americas postal system. Able to fully advance the railroad system and delivering mail.4) Free land giveaway- you had to stay on the land for 5 yrs. 160 free acres, pay to set up farms(rapid western settlement). US wants to encourage western settlement to sell more goods to more places. Land speculators: mostly bought federal land rush. People chased opportunities- when America became known as land of opportunity. These resulted In depressions and panics5) National anthem of the US, the lyrics come from the defense of fort McHenry, a poem written by Francis Scott Key, after witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry by the British Royal Navy ships in Chesapeake Bay7) A coastal fort (Chesapeake Bay) meant to protect naval invasion- British tried to break it down (failed). American fort built in Baltimore harbor, The British bombed the fort on sept 13-14 during the War of 1812. This bombardment and the survival of the fort inspired the star spangled banner9) Inventor of the cotton gin and a pioneer in the mass production of cotton. It was a machine that automated the separation of cotton seed from the short-staple cotton fiber. Revolutionized the cotton industry in the US. His machine could generate up to 50 lbs of cleaned cotton daily, making cotton production profitable in the southern states. this made slavery profitable again.12) Passed by Congress and signed by President Thomas Jefferson, An act that prohibit all international trade to and from American ports, directed primarily at Britain and France in hopes they would recognize the value and the rights of neutral American trade. Goal was also to get Britain and France (who were fighting each other at the time) to stop restricting American trade. The act backfired (didn’t work out) and the American people suffered- economic depression13) Panic of 1819: 1st major financial crisis in the US, occurred during the political calm of the Era of good feelings. Resulted in a wave of bankruptcies and bank failures, land prices dropped and wide scale urban employment began. Many Americans did not have the funds to pay off their loans. Panic of 1837: banks began to accept payment only in specie, forcing a dramatic, deflationary backlash. Followed by a 5 yr depression, with the failure of banks and record high umemployment rates. Also arrested business growth for several years. Usually in the result of a land rush, economic hardship- democracy14) Connects Atlantic ocean with the great lakes. 364 miles- connected the entire interior of the East Coast. 3,300 miles of canals by 1840 have been built. (1825: stretched all the way to NY). Reduced shipping costs significantly. Nations first major transportation system, allowed goods to be shipped to and from NYC and the Upper Midwest.15) Not limited to water- can go anywhere on land and easier to build. Faster- 25 mi per hr. Railroads were made out of steel (early tracks were made out of iron that would break apart and steamboats were cheaper) Eventually expanded enough to go around the world. Across: 1) Constant cheap printing of newspapers (as seen in movies), people were informed and connected. It revolutionized the way people conceive and describe the world they live in.3) Immigration was rising as well as the birth rates and population growth. Irish- big immigrant group, referred as the "Green Niggers” (viewed them as slaves). They worked for factories, drove the wages down, irish go to railroads builders. 6) The war ends, defeats the British (convinces them to stop). Negotiations in Belgium- British slow- find out they are losing the war. Treaty of Ghent- restored diplomatic relations (British and US), not a victory for either side but America claims victory. Sense of legitimacy- hope for America, proven they can stand alone and defend themselves. Industrial Revolution- begins in America, copy English machines and improves them. Textile boom- creates unity, become interdependent on each other, cotton expansion (south providing it). Enlistment bonuses- makes promises to veterans, paid in land- have to take land away from Indians8) Yeoman farmers- national market (jeffersons vision). Family farmers that were self sufficient (not a good thing- had to compete with national crop prices). Yeoman farmers start to decline- larger farms and cooperation’s began rising, commercializing farming . Farmers started to move to the cities to further urban growth. Farming became less profitable and it was difficult to survive.10) People were getting desperate (starving, lack of supplies) and started to trade food with the British (enemy). This act restricted trade policy, completely shut off all trade with Britain/England- punishable by execution. Hurt US economy even worse- responsible for the industrial revolution. Nations last great trade restriction. It gave limited access to manufactured goods- “make your own”11) Embargo of 1813- limited access to manufactured goods, factories: artisans (people who make stuff for a living) factories put them out of business. Autarky: a country that is self sufficient (US is one of the few).Textile factorires: 1st one made, fabric. Rivers- earliest factories were made nearby here. James Watt- created the steam engine. Lowell Textile Mill- located in Walton Mass., Americas first textile company, employed women: temporary labor, build them dorms. Competition: immigrant labor- hired very cheaply, no more paternalism- no more benefits for women (don’t provide outside assistance)16) Samuel Morse and other inventors, revolutionized long distance communication. He developed a code that assigned a set of dots and dashes to each letter of the English alphabet and allowed for the simple transmission of complex messages across telegraph lines. It saved more time and laid groundwork for the communications revolution that led to those later innovations. 17) National market= transportation networks. Taking local businesses and making them regional/national. Americans became obsessed with time, “time is money”. Technology vs speed, longtevity and safety. Faster with pace of life- everybody started to do things really fast and people became fixated on greed, money. 18) Dependent upon water, only goes where there is water (problem). Interior regions- value to do business here, farmers were useful, shipping cotton. Reduced costs: by 90%, reduced transportation time as well, 17 of them were running in America. Dangerous- lots of them sink, catch fire and burn (by oil lamps), many of them explode, underwater obstruction.19) Showed how to consistent, 1st thing was manufacturing firearms. A set of manufacturing methods, the two notable features were extensive use of interchangeable parts and mechanization, which resulted in more efficient use of labor compared to hand methods. It was also strongly associated with the American companies who 1st successfully implemented it, and how their methods contrasted (at the time) with those of British and European companies. As they evolved further, the American system was in use worldwide.
 

 

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