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Down: 2) Conservative Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms3) Profited from the world economy: Controlled international banking and commercial services.4) Peasant-adventurers with agricultural and military skills.6) A government of the Spanish Empire, existing from the 16th to 18th centuries7) Spanish-born residents of the New World8) University-trained lawyers from Spain9) British, French, and Dutch trading companies that obtained government monopolies of trade.10) Regions within the world that produced raw materials; Tendency to build systems based on forced and cheap labor.11) Merchant guild of Seville with a virtual monopoly over goods shipped to Spanish America13) Labor obligations of Russian peasants16) Russian claim20) Major divisions of Spanish New World colonies headed by direct representatives of the King21) The best mom in the whole wide world23) Three separate divisions of Polish territory between Russia, Prussia, and Austria24) People of New World and Old World exchanged plants, animals, and diseases.28) Spanish American social system based on racial origins33) Royal courts of appeals established in Spanish New World colonies35) Continued policy of expansion; established contacts with western European commerce and culture.39) Large, heavily armed ships used to carry silver from New World colonies to Spain40) Dutch and other European settlers in Cape Colony before the 19th century.43) People of European ancestry born in Spanish New World colonies; dominated local economies45) Continued growth of absolutism and conquest; sought to change selected aspects of the economy and culture through imitation of western European models. Across: 1) Established an international exchange of foods, diseases, and manufactured goods.5) French colonies in Canada and elsewhere.12) Clarified spheres of influence and rights of possession; in the New World Brazil went to Portugal and the rest of Spain14) Dutch colony established at Cape of Good Hope in 1652 to provide a coastal station for Dutch ships.15) Rural agricultural and herding estates17) First island in Caribbean settled by Spaniards by Columbus on his second voyage18) Spanish government body that issued all laws and advised King on all issues dealing with the New World colonies19) Grants of estates Indian laborers made to Spanish conquerors and settlers in Latin America; Established a framework fro relations based on economic dominance22) Resulted in recognition of Bourbons, territorial loss, and grants of Commercial rights to English and French25) Britain gained New France and ended France's importance in India.26) Fought in Europe, Africa, and Asia; The first worldwide war.27) Spanish colonial possessions in Meso-America in territories once part of Aztec imperial system29) British East India Company headquarters in Bengal.30) Opened trade in ports of Spain and Indies to all Spanish merchants31) Forced labor system replacing Indian slaves and encomienda workers32) People of New World and Old World exchanged plants, animals, and diseases.34) Early 17th century period of boyar efforts to regain power and foreign invasion following the death without an heir of Ivan IV36) Abolished assemblies of nobles; Gained new powers over the Orthodox Church.37) Prince of the Duchy of Moscow responsible for freeing Russia from the Mongols.38) Unsuccessful peasant rising led by Cossacks41) Clubs dedicated to reform in Spanish colonies during the 18th century42) Body of laws collected in 1681 for Spanish New World Possessions; basis of law in the Indies44) Combined receptivity to selective Enlightenment ideas with strong centralizing policies.46) British colonies in North America along the Atlantic Coast.47) Naval battle between Spain and the Ottoman Empire resulting in Spanish victory.48) A popular revolt against Spanish rule in New Granada in 178149) Areas along the Brazilian coast granted to Portugese nobles for colonial development
 

 

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