History Exam Crossword
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
 
 
Down: 2) Changing society demanded change in politics. Growing class disparites, rise of industrialism as dominant economic driver, transformation of population by immigration, ends up focusing on protecting industry above all. Three big consequences: Racial issues fall to wayside - The North had been champoning racial equality & it begins to back track. African Americans move north & racial problems begin to go back because they didnt want them all moving north. Rise of Labor Issues - Labor unions spend alot of time and energy lobbying for better working conditions - rarely finding success. Corruption of some darkened reputation of politics as a whole - patronage system. Politicians take bribes to support certian issues. 3) Had to pass a hard medical exam & needed many documents. Families got seperated & sent home. Officials many times changed names of families if they could not pronounce it. People would continue to come because they were seeking a new beginning. People who got entry settled in the cities working at factories because they usually did not end up having money. Ethnic groups would settle in similar cities. Ethnic neighborhoods provided services to help learn English, help find jobs, help learn skill trades, etc. 5) Essentially to try & suppress the African population with no violence, but instead by political means. Specifically, by disenfranchising them. Aimed at African Americans so that they cannot vote. They put laws in place that made it so they were going around things like, you have to pay in order to vote, literacy tests in order to vote. The literacy tests were administered by the people who ran the polls so they got to chose who took the test and who did not. The tests were designed to be difficult and trick the tester. Also put back in place property qualifications6) Forced workers to sign "Yellow Dog Contracts" - promise saying they will not join a union & if they do they will be fired. Business leaders would employ "black lists" so people would avoid hiring them. Would hire a mix of employees to make the workforce as diverse as possible and to avoid the workers ganging up on the leaders. Business leaders would hire strike raiders to avoid raids and strikes and other union activity. Most of the strikes ended in violence. A lot of strikers knew that the business owners would hire strike raiders so they were prepared for it. 7) Material wealth came from morally upright life of hard work. People like Carnegie, Rockefeller, Vanderbilt. Says if you work hard & enough and live life good enough you too can be wealthy. If you are not wealthy, or climbing the economic ranks, YOU are not making the right decisions. YOU are not working hard enough, YOU are not being a good christian. 9) Massive push to get the west developed by both sides. North is taking advantage of the fact that the southern congressmen are not there. They are pushing for the expansion of the West. Farming- Backbone of the west. Expanded and encouraged by government policies. Homestead Act- gives farmers the option to claim up to 160 acres of land that was previously owned by federal government. After 5 years of doing this and farming the land the land will belong to the farmers. If they did not want to wait 5 years they could purchase land after 6 months for $1 an acre. Very popular in particular with African Americans. West was hard to farm & takes awhile to get settled. Different world in terms of climate & natural disasters. As agricultre gets more mecanized, farmers are driven out. Farms are bought by companies. 10) Urbanization & Industrialization goes hand in hand because where there are jobs there is people who want those jobs & people move there and create urbanization. As industry takes off so does urbanization. You see southern cities that are not port cities grow because the use of railroads decreases the use of ports. The racial prejudice gets in the way of industrialization because the whites do not allow blacks to work the jobs. To keep the blacks out of the industry the people keep the wages low. Because the wages are so low, they will miss out the immigrants who are seeking economic advancement. The immigrants end up going to the north because the south is keeping the wages low. The issue of segregation gets in the way & limits the way of industrialization. The south is going to remain the poorest region of the country. 12) Was the official removal of Union Troops. Republicans in the South have been losing control & pushed out of office and replaced by Southern Conservatives. Rutherford B. Hayes agrees to drop reconstruction policies, to be seated as president. As the North continues to industrialize, the gap between the North and South continues to grow larger & larger. 13) Have reasons to leave. Negative things that are pushing them out of their homelands. Bad economy in Europe, population boom in Europe. Problem with farmers because of famine & industrial revolution. Religion is another reason for a push to come; in particular, Judiasm is seeking religious freedom.14) Taking away the ability to vote or hold office. Taking away the ability to politically participate. Begins in Mississippi with "The Second Mississippi Plan"16) Most popular civil rights case. Plessey is 1/8 black but passes for white Plessey is part of a civil rights organization that says that it violates equality protection. Announces after he gets on a white train that he is black. This case ends up in the Supreme Court & Supreme Court rules them as seperate but equal. The supreme court basically said that it is not segregation. Segregation stays in place well into teh 20th century & spreads to the North aswell. 17) The Plantation System in the south was also destroyed which was the backbone of the south and brought in most of their profits. The small amount of industrial infrastructure in the south was destroyed in the south and they had to rebuild it, physically, culturally, and economically. There were 4 million people who were freed from slavery that needed to fit into society somehow. Question of what to do with the South, the question of whether or not the South should be punished. The union had to re-conquer the South. They had to figure out how to bring the Southern states into the Union as a whole. There was an increasing industrial gap between the North & South. 18) Codified segregation. These laws were specifically designed to segregate African Americans. Put into law that Blacks & Whites cannot use the same facilities, cannot go to the same resturants, cannot sit on the same train cars, etc. These laws segregated in public places. Civil Rights organization begin to challenge these laws. 20) Biggest crop in the south is cotton. The failure of reconstruction puts the south back to where they basically were before. The rich planters are the ones who controlled things. 21) Massive farms thousands of acres and hires many people. Ends up running the individual farmers out of business because it makes it harder for indivudlas to do their farming. 23) Southern/Eastern Europe. Catholic, Eastern Rite, Eastern Orthodox, Jewish, etc. Mostly poor to begin with - fleeing oppression & poverty in many cases. Illiterate and uneducated. No english experience. Don't assimilate easily. Many are "Birds of Passage". Seen as a threat by US citizens.24) (Spoils System) Practice of awarding jobs to supporters. Politicans take bribes to support certian issues. Many businesses still use the patronage system, which is the practice of awarding jobs to supporters. "You vote for me, I'll give you a job!"26) Northern/Western Europe. Protestant. Many spoke or had experience with english. Generally educated. Had some money to get started with. Assimilated quickly as a result of these things. Traditional Immigrant groups that had been coming over since colonial era - generally accepted by society.28) Characterized by exreme industrial growth and the social problems it spawns. Age of entrepreneurs like Rockefeller, Carnegie, Vanderbilt & JP Morgan. Across: 1) Congress is leading things & calling the shots. Because they disagreed with what the presidents are doing. Southern response to Johnson's plan unsatisfactory to radical republicans in congress. Begins challenging the results of elections in the south. Election of 1866 results in massie republican majority (more than 2/3 of both houses). By having 2/3 of both houses means that Congress can override a veto, meaning that Johnson can veto anything he wants but congress can put it into place as a law. Uses majority to take control of reconstruction.4) Civil rights act as an emendment. Disqualifies certian confederate leaders from office. Provides punishment to any state that is denying the right to anyone who is allowed to vote from voting. Repeal presidential reconstruction by putting into place the Reconstruction Acts of 1867. 8) Factories became massive operations. The operations employed hundreds of people and they all worked like machines. No saftey regulation, no firecodes, no hour limits, no job security (there is always a fresh source of new workers), minimal pay (not enough to cover the basic necessities), women & children in workforce earn significantly less than adult male counterparts. This kept the pay depressed because they had the choice of hiring men for more or women. Turn of the century machinery is not the most safe to operate. 11) Boom in immigration leads to Rapid City growth. Combined with industrialization = massive changes in city life. Transportation drives segregation of workers by income level. Development of temements (buildings bought by landlords to rent out to the poor class city folk, many of whom are immigrants. Life in a tenements are really bleak, families usually got a one window small room. People are really packed into buildings and this creates an opening for many diseases. Over crowding leads to sanitation and disease problems. Invention of elevator and central steam heating allows cities to grow upwards. 15) Towns that popup around mining. Makeshift community, no structured government, no official rules. How you got ghost towns in the west is like Boomtowns because the population flusters so much. Boomtowns are near the area between the coast and the Great Plains. 19) Restricts the rights & movements of non-whites. Blacks could not rent, own or borrow money to rent land. Cannot buy firearms, testify in court against whites. Whole purpose is to restrict the rights & movements of blacks as much as possible. 22) Congress wants to make sure the swaying vote of the freedmen does not disappear. Many southern states end up finding loopholes. A bunch of freedmen end up wanting to be part of the political running as candidates. 25) Growth fueled by railroad expansion. Short lived era of cowboys. Acted as middlemen in cattle industry. Cowboys were in charge of driving the wild cattle towards the place they get put on cards to get transported east. Largely died out as industry became more efficient. West becomes more populated jobs become harder. Railroads expand further. Invention of refregated train car offically makes them obsolete. Wild cattle population as railroads expand, are able to transport the cattle west to east to get slaughtered. Invention of barbed wire made things easier to help make their cattle stay in one place. 27) Young men & women coming over to US seeking employment because they cannot find it in Europe. Intend to work the job earn money & bring the money back home to Europe. 29) Mom murder. Mobs of whites gang up on people who they think have stepped out of society in some way. Ends up killing someone. Typically happens in areas where blacks & whites were competing for jobs. 30) Reasons to come to america. Positive things that they see in the US and why they want to come here. Religious Freedom, economic oppotunity (biggest), plentiful jobs here as industry begins to blossom. 31) Changes the popular philosophies. Greed, political corruption, political efficacy, etc. Factory life in this time is brutal and very dangerous. Centered in US & germany. Fueled by railroads, electric power, Research and Developmet. Harkened what we call the "Guilded Age" 32) Anti-immigrant sentiment. Fuels a number of restrictions on immigration for the first time during this period. Belief that the already established inhabitants are superior to the newcomers. In this era, nativism is anti-catholic, anti-sematic. A lot of nativists are open to the Social Darwinism. We see the very first immigration restrictions put on the books. 33) Want to create a south with increased industrilization & increased urbanization. Some of these reformers want to continue the racial equality, but they are outnumbered. These attempts in the South are not going to go very far because there was a reliance on the slaves and the crops & this ha left the south without any foundation to build on. What becomes of it is segregation. South is at a disadvantage because they are starting fresh. 3 Specific industries that flourish: 1. Railroads are the connecting industry. Railroads lead the way to further industrilization. They remove dependance on waterways & create easier transport, which allows easier production. Within a decade they lay down more than 22,000 miles of track. The more the railroads grow, the more we ee the other industries of steel & iron and textiles grow. Railroads increase the industrilixation of iron because Iron is used for train tracks. 2. Iron & steel 3. Textiles: textiles flourish so well in the south because the south is where the cotton is. By putting the processing of cotton in the south it cuts down the middleman and makes it easier. 34) Anti-regulation, "let it be". Belief that the system itself at its core is self regulated through competition. Economic Inequality. We see higher percentage of the nations wealth held up by the upper class. There is also an increasingly growing, middle class. Slow, but steady.
 

 

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