Astronomy Test #4 Crossword
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
 
 
Special Characters:
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Down: 1) Kinetic (motion) | Radiative (light) |Stored or potential | Energy can change type but cannot be destroyed.2) Size of tides depends on the phase of the Moon.3) Escape and orbital velocities don’t depend on the mass of the cannonball.4) Mass = quantity (amount) of matter | Weight = force acting on mass | | Objects are weightless in free-fall. 5) Force = mass × acceleration.8) Speed = distance/time | Speed and direction => velocity | Change in velocity => acceleration | Momentum = mass × velocity | Force causes change in momentum, producing acceleration.11) Mass itself is a form of potential energy. | E= mc2 | A small amount of mass can release a great deal of energy. | Concentrated energy can spontaneously turn into particles (for example, in particle accelerators) Across: 6) For every force, there is always an equal and opposite reaction force. 7) In space, an object or gas cloud has more gravitational energy when it is spread out than when it contracts. | A contracting cloud converts gravitational potential energy to thermal energy.9)  So what can make an object gain or lose orbital energy? | Answers: Friction or atmospheric drag | A gravitational encounter. 10) Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. | It can change form or be exchanged between objects. | The total energy content of the universe was determined in the Big Bang and remains the same today.12) The Moon’s gravity pulls harder on near side of Earth than on far side. | The difference in the Moon’s gravitational pull stretches Earth. (example of the universal law of gravitation)13) An object moves at constant velocity unless a net force acts to change its speed or direction. 14) is a measure of the total kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance. It therefore depends on both temperature AND density.15) Tidal friction gradually slows Earth’s rotation (and makes the Moon get farther from Earth). | Moon once orbited faster (or slower); tidal friction caused it to “lock” in synchronous rotation.16) Momentum = mass × velocity. | A net force changes momentum, which generally means an acceleration (change in velocity). | The rotational momentum of a spinning or orbiting object is known as angular momentum. 17) is a measure of the total kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance. It therefore depends on both temperature AND density.18)  Galileo showed that g is the same for all falling objects, regardless of their mass.19) angular momentum = mass × velocity × radius | The angular momentum of an object cannot change unless an external twisting force (torque) is acting on it. | Earth experiences no twisting force as it orbits the Sun, so its rotation and orbit will continue indefinitely. 20) The total momentum of interacting objects cannot change unless an external force is acting on them. | Interacting objects exchange momentum through equal and opposite forces.21) Mass = quantity (amount) of matter | Weight = force acting on mass | | Objects are weightless in free-fall. 22) 1. Every mass attracts every other mass. 2. Attraction is directly proportional to the product of their masses. 3. Attraction is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
 

 

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