History Midterm Crossword
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Down:
1) a Spanish-born Spaniard or mainland Spaniard residing in the New World or the Spanish East Indies, as opposed to a person of full Spanish descent born in the Americas or Philippines, who were known as criollos3) A former Chinese custom of bowing the forehead to touch the ground as an act of submission5) Came up with and enforced policy of Portugal in Indian Ocean to control this area in terms of trade. Ships needed “safe-conduct passes” and those that didn’t would be executed or have hands chopped off6) Took 3 expeditions to Pacific and died at the hands of the indigenous people of Hawai’i. Charted eastern Australia and New Zealand made a huge contribution to geography through exploration of the Pacific7)
English East India Company – Founded in 1600, privately owned, started by merchants, experienced immediate financial success (for example, from the spices they brought back to Europe).
VOC – United East India Company established in 1602. Privately owned, started by merchants, and experienced immediate financial success (for example, from the spices they brought back to Europe).9) Gave Spanish settlers the right to compel Tainos to work in their mines or fields, and the Spanish were supposed to look after their workers’ welfare and encourage them to convert to Christianity
11) In 1488, rounded Cape of Good Hope into Indian Ocean but didn’t go all the way to India due to storms and relentless crew.12) First half of the 16th century; Attempted to convert the Kongo to a Catholic country13) defended the indigenous population, advised against slavery as well as encomiendas, which eventually created New laws for the encomienda system. Debated against Juan Gines de Sepulveda. 15) Hui court eunuch, mariner, explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral during China's early Ming Dynasty16) One-fifth of all silver production, which was the Spanish governement’s share; represented principal revenue the crown derived from American possessions18) Ming= “Brilliant” (1368-1644), founded by emperor Hongwu, known for cultural revival, built The Great Wall. Yongle= conqueror, boosted maritime activity19) the canal between the Yellow and Yangtze rivers in China responsible for the transport of important crops from southern to northern China, as well as people (i.e. military troops21) the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism22) French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on the established Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and separation of church and state.24) English mathematician who asserted that a universal law governed planetary motions (gravity)25) Italian Jesuit priest famous for his service in China during the sixteenth century.32) He seized emperor of Aztec’s, Moctezuma II; built a small fleet of ships and placed Tenochtitlan under siege eventually conquering the Aztecs..In other words, conqueror of the Aztecs with the help of Malinche and other indigenous allies |
Across:
1) the intellectuals of the 18th century Enlightenment. Few were primarily philosophers; rather,philosophes were public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics and social issues.2) Military government under the Japanese shoguns4) Unsuccessfully resisted Portuguese intrusion, ruled over Angola.8) Powerful territorial lords in early modern Japan10) Reigned 1403-1424, Launched a series of naval expeditions14) Conquered Ceuta and sponsored series of voyages down west African coast. (Portuguese)17) Sleek, fast, heavily armed ships capable of carrying large cargoes that regularly traveled between Manila (Philippines) and Acapulco (Mexico). Brought Asian luxury goods to Mexico in exchange for silver, which went to China. Asian luxury goods went to Mexico, Peru, or Spain and European markets.20) The journey taken by slave ships from West Africa to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries22) In 1497, went to India by sailing around the Cape of Good Hope. His goods were not well-received in India and much of his crew did not make it back from the voyage, but he returned with pepper and cinnamon which was hugely profitable23) The third emperor of the Qing dynasty, famous for his learning and work ethic26) Born of indigenous and African parents27) a port, city, or other center to which goods are brought for import and export, and for collection and distribution28) Crusade, ending in 1492, to drive the Islamic forces out of Spain that had invaded the Iberian Peninsula since 711. The reconquista aimed to have Christianity as the official religion, thats why they also expelled Jews if they did not convert to Christianity29) Capital of the Aztec Empire, later Mexico City.30) “Pure”, (1644-1911). Manchus, from Manchuria (north of China), overthrew the Ming Dynasty. Emperors knew the Chinese language and Confucian thought, prosperous, tried to end maritime activity. Notable emperors: Kangxi and Qianlong
31) Indigenous people of Guanahani (modern-day San Salvador or Watling Island) that Columbus encountered on his first journey to the Americas33) Latin American term for children of Spanish and native parentage. Below the peninsulares and criolles socioeconomically but considered above indigenous peoples34) Led a Spanish expedition from Central America to Peru in 1530; Conquered Incas and looted gold and silver from Cuzco’s temples and public buildings35) uhhhh
36) Area in the high central Andes that had stunningly rich silver mines, this is located what is now Bolivia37) Global diffusion of plants, food crops, animals, human populations, and disease pathogens that took place after voyages of Christopher Columbus and other European mariners |
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