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Down: 1) sailing south along west coast of Africa.7) Third son of King of Portugal, hoped to expand Christianity to Africa, and hoped to gain riches by finding the source of African Gold8) Did not find spices, gold, or any other treasures; Made four voyages between (1492-1504); Refused to believe he had not reached the East; Tortured natives; Discovered two new continents.9) mapmaker created more accurate maps and sea charts.10) created by the Greeks, perfected by the Arabs and allowed sailors to determine location by using latitude.11) was an economic policy which developed due to the Colombian Exchange; goal was to build wealth by exporting more than importing.13) Private citizens and merchants began making trade deals and other business ventures with contacts in the New World16) larger, better ships were designed to sit more shallow in the water, used both the traditional square sail of the Europeans and the triangular sail of the Muslims. Across: 1) rounded tip of Africa and across the Indian ocean, to reach Calicut, India. Dangerous voyage.2) discovered Hudson Bay3) easier access to spices like cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, and pepper.4) took plants, animals, and natives from the "New World"; On his next voyage he brought 1200 settlers some animals and plants to be introduced to "New World"; Disease and tech was also apart; New World/Old: potato. papaya, guava, pineapple, tomato, cocoa, and peanut.: Old world/ New: wheat, sugar, banana, horse, pig, cattle, smallpox, and measles. 5) was the first to call it Pacific Ocean- Peaceful ocean. Left with 5 ships, Atlantic ocean was treacherous; he reached Pacific in 1520; was killed by natives of Philippines; was accredited for "circumnavigating" the earth.6) God, Gold, and Glory The renaissance spirit of curiosity and learning.12) was not strong to push into the trade routes that spread across the Sahara Dessert.14) discovered the St. Lawrence claimed river for France. Considered to be founder of Canada.15) Believed the east could be reached by sailing West.; Believed the Earth was round; Underestimated the size of the Earth.; Believed it would only take him 8-9 weeks of sailing west to reach Asia.17) Muslims who charged taxes for goods that passed through their territories.18) because of the increase in the amount of gold and silver coming to Europe, prices for goods rose.19) Aided Portuguese navigation, set up at Sagres, Portugal; Gathered scientists, mapmakers, sea captains, and inventors: Shared info; Began sending voyages out to explore west coast.20) Merchants took raw wool to peasants homes where the women spun the wool into thread and then the thread into cloth; merchants then bought cloth from peasants and sent it to the city for final finishing/ dying; merchants finally sold product for profit21) Pope drew Line of Demarcation everything on the east of the line was Portugal's everything on the West was Spain's. The treaty of Tordesilles moved the line further West.22) mounted on side of ships and provided defense.23) searched for a more northerly route to Americas. Discovered Newfoundland 24) Hacked through the jungles of Central America was the first to see Pacific from the America's; Called it the South Sea25) A German mapmaker reads a report of the "New World" written by an Italian, Amerigo Vespucci26) rounded the southern tip of Africa (cape of good hope)27) August 3, 1492 Columbus left Spain with three small ships.; 9 weeks passed: No Land; Supplies started running out and crew became anxious; Called island they found El Salvador; Called natives "India"ns
 

 

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