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Down: 1) the Heian period; a time of peace and security. Japan began to develop a culture independent of the Chinese, and began to blend religions.2) this clan's rise to power occurred during the Taika Reform period. They formed strong military states, a government, and written language. Influenced by Chinese and Koreans. Only imperial family in the history of Japan.3) he was ordered by Charlemagne to develop a new style of writing including uppercase and lowercase letters.4) the first permanent capital of Japan, established during the Heian period5) the largest Mayan city6) religious leaders in medieval Europe7) a large secluded dwelling where monks lived and worked9) The ruler of Mali who was famous for his immense wealth and devotion to Islam.10) a special code of behavior that taught a knight to be generous, loyal to his lord, brave, and protective of women13) a large group of scattered islands15) a region with few plants which receives less than 10 inches of rainfall per year16) the main religion of Japan whose followers worshipped "kami" - the spirits of animals, natural objects, and ideas like growth17) the study of the structure and changes of languages18) an ancient empire along the Niger River, governed by African kings20) a glasslike volcanic rock21) religious ceremonies provided by the Roman Catholic Church and believed to provide grace for salvation24) Songhai's center for Islamic faith and learning25) ruler who established the empire of Songhai26) a monk who lived as a hermit, founded the Monte Cassino, and produced instructions for living as a monk29) stories about the past that are spoken instead of written down30) Mayas were one of the first to develop this concept32) the earliest known civilization in Mesoamerica33) scientists who study the origin of man35) a peasant who lived on a lord's manor, paid rent to his lord, and worked part time for him36) a mounted soldier who protected the manor of the lord in the Middle Ages39) greatest of the Carolingian kings; extended the Frankish kingdom to its greatest size; crowned by the pope as emperor of the western Roman empire40) volcanic rock used for carving46) A noble without land who is chosen by a lord to manage portions of his fief.47) a woman who took religious vows in the Roman Catholic Church Across: 6) floating garden made of twigs, limbs, sticks, and silt8) primary location in Tenochtitlan for religious ceremonies11) leader of the Roman Catholic Church12) traveler who described the people of Mali as loving justice and honesty14) Taika Reform period of Japan - leaders wanted to weaken the influence of clan chieftains. Modeled changes after centralized Chinese government - introduced civil service exam. 16) an area with tall grasses and few trees19) one of the greatest writers of early Japan who is credited with writing the first novel22) the word for ruler in the Malian language23) another name for the Middle Ages27) a 17-syllable Japanese poem of nature28) Mayan book31) an African oral storyteller34) a fertile area in the desert with water35) major city of Olemecs37) ruler of Mali known as the Lion King38) emblem painted on a knight's shield41) Japanese military leader chosen by the emperor and who has supreme power over the government42) Chinese phrase meaning "origin of the sun"43) a tropical forest filled with huge trees and vines and a large variety of wildlife44) Frankish king famous for leading an army against Muslim invaders in what is now France.45) first Frankish king whose conquests shaped what would eventually become present day France48) religion introduced to Japan by the Chinese; Japan's second religion.49) scientists who study plants and trace movements of people by their crops50) decorative plaster51) mock jousting battles between knights52) a noble person
 

 

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