Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 3 Crossword
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2) Sensitivity to the Environment: extracellular fluid composition, chemical signals. Structural Support: Anchors cells and tissues 4) Soma= body, all body cells except sex cells5) Structures with specific functions 6) A continuous exchange of membrane parts by vesicles, all membranous organelles ( except mitochondria) Allows adaptation and change 9) Vesicles enter forming face and exit maturing face • Functions 1. Modifies and packages secretions • Hormones or enzymes
• Released through exocytosis 2. Renews or modifies the plasma membrane 3. Packages special enzymes within vesicles for use
in the cytoplasm10) mRNA moves from the nucleus through a nuclear pore and to a ribosome in cytoplasms surrounded by amino acids. mRNA binds to ribosomal subunits tRNA delivers amino acids to mRNA 11) Cells are the building blocks of all plants and animals, all cells come from the division of preexisting cells, cells are the smallest units that perform all vital physiological functions, each cell maintains homeostasis at the cellular level15) Nuclear membranes re-form, chromosomes uncoil, nucleoli reappear, cell has two complete nuclei17) Are enzyme- containing vesicles. Break down fatty acids, organic compounds, produce hydrogen peroxide (H2, O2) and replicate by division 22) Small hairlike extensions and move fluids across the cell surface 26) Microtubules pull chromosomes apart and daughter chromosomes group near centrioles |
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1) DNA, Nucleoplasm, Nuclear matrix,Nucleoli, Nucleosomes, Chromatin, Chromosomes3) Divides duplicated DNA into two sets of chromosomes. It also contains Anaphase and Telophase 7) A gene transcribed to mRNA in three steps 1. Gene activation 2. DNA to mRNA, RNA processing 8) All materials inside the cell and outside the nucleus 12) Physical Isolation: Barrier, Regulation of Exchange with the Environment: ions and nutrients enter, wastes eliminated and cellular products released 13) Centrioles form spindle apparatus during cell division. Centrosome cytoplasm surrounding centriole 14) Increase surface area for absorption and attach to cytoskeleton 16) The nondividing period, G -zero (G0) phase—specialized cell functions only •G1 phase cell growth, organelle duplication, protein synthesis •S phase —DNA replication and histone synthesis • G2 phase — finishes protein synthesis and centriole replication18) Are strong chambers within membranes. Functions are synthesis or proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Storage of synthesized molecules and materials. Transport of materials within the ER. Detoxification of drugs or toxins 19) Build polypeptides in protein synthesis. Two types: Free ribosomes in cytoplasm and Fixed ribosomes attached to ER20) Endo= within, plasm= cytoplasm, reticulum= network21) All cells carry complete DNA instructions for all body functions and depends on which genes are active and which are inactive 23) Cytoskeleton, Microvilli, Centrioles, Cilia, Ribosomes, Proteasomes24) Reproductive cells, male sperm, female oocyte (a cell that develops into an egg)25) Contain enzymes (proteases) and disassemble damaged proteins for recycling 27) Covered with plasma membrane, isolated from cytosol, Include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondria 28) No membrane, direct contact with cytosol, Include the cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilla ribosomes, and proteasome29) Dissolved materials such as nutrients, ions, proteins, and waste products. High potassium/low sodium, High protein High carbohydrate/ low amino acid and fat30) Structural proteins for shape and strength |
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