BIO 1202 Exam 1 Crossword
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1) A naked-seed plant. Its seed is said to be naked because it is not enclosed in an ovary.
2) The study of the past and present distribution of organisms.
3) A time scale established by geologists that divides Earth's history into a sequence of geologic periods, grouped into four divisions: Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic.
4) A plant embryo packaged with a food supply within a protective covering.
6) The definition of a species as a population or group of populations the members of which have the potential in nature to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
13) In a seed plant, a reproductive structure that contains the female gametophyte and the developing egg. An ovule develops into a seed.
14) The uptake of small nutrient molecules by an organism's own body. In animals, absorption is the third main stage of food processing, following digestion; in fungi, it is acquisition of nutrients from the surrounding medium.
15) (1) In animals, the female gonad, which produces egg cells and reproductive hormones. (2) In flowering plants, the base of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop.
16) The study of evolutionary history; specifically, an approach to systematics in which organisms are grouped by common ancestry.
17) A mutually beneficial symbiotic association of a plant root and fungus.
18) A sac in which pollen grains develop, located at the tip of a flower's stamen.
19) The sticky tip of a flower's carpel that traps pollen.
20) An organism that has more than two complete sets of chromosomes as a result of an accident of cell division.
21) An energy deposit formed from the fossilized remains of long-dead plants and animals.
22) The multicellular haploid form in the life cycle of organisms undergoing alternation of generations; results from a union of spores and mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.
23) A reproductive barrier that prevents mating between species or hinders fertilization of eggs if members of different species attempt to mate.
25) A structure that evolves in one context and gradually becomes adapted for other functions.
27) mechanisms that prevent hybrid offspring from becoming viable, fertile adults after interspecies mating has occurred.
28) A modified leaf of a flowering plant. A whorl of sepals encloses and protects the flower bud before it opens.
33) The egg-producing part of a flower, consisting of a stalk with an ovary at the base and a stigma, which traps pollen, at the tip.
35) Any of a group of seedless vascular plants.
37) In a seed plant, the male gametophyte that develops within the anther of a stamen. It houses cells that will develop into sperm.
38) (1) In animals, a tough, nonliving outer layer of the skin. (2) In plants, a waxy coating on the surface of stems and leaves that helps retain water.
41) The evolutionary history of a species or group of related species.
44) In an angiosperm, a short shoot with four sets of modified leaves, bearing structures that function in sexual reproduction.
45) A pollen-producing part of a flower, consisting of a stalk (filament) and an anther.
46) The similarity between two species that is due to convergent evolution rather than to descent from a common ancestor with the same trait.
47) A heterotrophic eukaryote that digests its food externally and absorbs the resulting small nutrient molecules. Most fungi consist of a netlike mass of filaments called hyphae. Molds, mushrooms, and yeasts are examples of fungi.
48) The aerial organ of a plant, consisting of stem and leaves. Leaves are the main photosynthetic structures of most plants.
49) The densely branched network of hyphae in a fungus.
52) A chemical that hardens the cell walls of plants. Lignin makes up most of what we call wood.
54) (1) In plants and algae, a haploid cell that can develop into a multicellular haploid individual, the gametophyte, without fusing with another cell. (2) In fungi, a haploid cell that germinates to produce a mycelium.
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3) To initiate growth, as in a plant seed or a plant or fungal spore.
4) The multicellular diploid form in the life cycle of organisms undergoing alternation of generations; results from a union of gametes and meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.
5) In seed plants, the delivery, by wind or animals, of pollen from the male (pollen-producing) parts of a plant to the stigma of a carpel on the female part of a plant.
7) Evolutionary change above the species level. Examples of macroevolutionary change include the origin of a new group of organisms through a series of speciation events, the impact of mass extinctions on the diversity of life, and the origin of key adaptations.
8) An evolutionary process in which one species splits into two or more species.
9) A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary.
10) a group of vascular plants that reproduce using spores instead of seeds
11) In flowering plants, a nutrient-rich mass formed by the union of a sperm cell with the diploid central cell of the embryo sac during double fertilization; provides nourishment to the developing embryo in the seed.
12) The theory that the continents are part of great plates of Earth's crust that float on the hot, underlying portion of the mantle. Movements in the mantle cause the continents to move slowly over time.
24) A modified leaf of a flowering plant. Petals are the often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators.
26) The formation of a new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another. See also sympatric speciation.
29) Any of a group of seedless nonvascular plants.
30) A method for determining the ages of fossils and rocks from the ratio of a radioactive isotope to the nonradioactive isotope(s) of the same element in the sample.
31) The underground organ of a plant. Roots anchor the plant in the soil, absorb and transport minerals and water, and store food.
32) A pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of a leaf. When stomata are open, CO2 enters the leaf, and water and O2 exit. A plant conserves water when its stomata are closed.
34) A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; a characteristic of plants and multicellular green algae.
36) A type of plant that lacks xylem and phloem; a nonvascular plant. Bryophytes include mosses and their close relatives.
39) A discipline of biology that focuses on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships.
40) One of many filaments making up the body of a fungus.
42) A multicellular eukaryote that carries out photosynthesis and has a set of structural and reproductive terrestrial adaptations, including a multicellular, dependent embryo.
43) A system of taxonomic classification based on three basic groups: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
44) A ripened, thickened ovary of a flower, which protects dormant seeds and aids in their dispersal.
50) The evolution of similar features in different evolutionary lineages, which can result from living in very similar environments.
51) An ancestral species and all its descendants—a distinctive branch in the tree of life.
53) A member of the green algal group that shares features with land plants. Charophytes are considered the closest relatives of land plants; modern charophytes and modern plants likely evolved from a common ancestor.
55) A factor that prevents individuals of closely related species from interbreeding
56) A branching diagram that represents a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships between organisms.
57) A group of populations the members of which have the potential to interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring. See also biological species concept.
58) The formation of a new species in populations that live in the same geographic area. See also allopatric speciation.
59) Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body. Xylem and phloem make up vascular tissue.
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