Exam IR Crossword
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2) Governments take defensive measures including intelligence gathering and sharing, strengthening border controls, implementing anti-money laundering (AML) laws to cut off terrorist financing, hardened infrastructure security, and counter-radicalization programs.3) Motivated by anti-capitalist, Marxist, or revolutionary socialist ideals aiming to overthrow capitalist systems. 5) An offense committed if a person unlawfully and intentionally uses or possesses radioactive material or a nuclear device with the intent to cause death, injury, or massive property damage.9) Rejects the idea that war is inevitable. Argues that international cooperation, international laws, global trade interdependence, and institutions (like the UN) can mitigate conflict and foster lasting peace.12) A country must submit an application to the Secretary-General. The UN Security Council must recommend admission with a positive vote of at least 9 out of 15 members (and zero vetoes from permanent members). Finally, the General Assembly must admit the state by a two-thirds majority vote.15) An independent campaigning organization that uses peaceful, creative confrontation to expose global environmental problems. It actively fights against climate change, deforestation, overfishing, commercial whaling, nuclear proliferation, and plastic pollution.17) Established to supervise the administration of 11 trust territories to ensure they transitioned to self-government or independence. It suspended operations in 1994 following the independence of Palau, the last remaining trust territory. 20) Terrorist activities carried out by groups that are funded by, or tightly intertwined with, illegal drug trafficking operations, used to intimidate local governments and protect their trade.
26) Mass casualties and long-term psychological trauma, economic instability (destruction of property, collapse of tourism, increased security costs), erosion of civil liberties due to heavy-handed emergency legislation, and heightened geopolitical polarization.
29) The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political, religious, or ideological aims.
31) The attacks resulted in 2,977 fatalities, triggered the US-led "War on Terror," prompted the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq, and fundamentally reshaped global airport security and state surveillance. |
Across:
1) A financial term referring to asset certificates, derivatives, or futures contracts that reflect the economic value of gold without the investor actually holding physical gold bullion4) A popular, informal thesis by Thomas Friedman stating that no two countries with a McDonald's franchise have ever fought a war against each other. The logic is that deep economic development and integration make war too costly for the middle class6) The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as the world's two undisputed superpowers, holding massive industrial, economic, and nuclear leverage.
7) States often label legitimate political dissidents or liberation movements as "terrorists" to delegitimize them.
8) The main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ of the UN, where all 193 member states have equal representation ("one country, one vote"). 10) To foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.11) The establishment of the United Nations (1945) to replace the failed League of Nations, alongside the Bretton Woods financial architecture (IMF and World Bank).
13) Argues that international relations are not shaped by raw material power alone, but by socially constructed ideas, identities, and cultural norms. Anarchy is "what states make of it"—if nations view each other as enemies, war happens; if they view each other as friends, peace is possible.
14) Terrorist acts committed by a state or government against its own citizens or foreign populations to maintain political control or suppress opposition.16) They experienced friction over the division of Berlin, the Soviet installation of communist puppet states across Eastern Europe, and contrasting visions for global economic restructuring, directly triggering the Cold War.18) Political oppression and lack of democratic channels, systemic socio-economic deprivation, religious or ideological radicalization, and state fragility or power vacuums (e.g., failed states providing safe havens).19) To maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation in solving global problems, and serve as a center for harmonizing state actions. (193 member states)21) The chief administrative officer of the UN, functioning as a global diplomat and advocate for the world's peoples. (The position is occupied by António Guterres). 22) The bureaucratic backbone of the UN, consisting of an international staff working at headquarters and in the field, carrying out the day-to-day administrative duties of the organization.23) Structural ideological tension erupted immediately between the United States (capitalist, liberal democracy) and the Soviet Union (communist, authoritarian state). 24) Providing temporary loans and financial arrangements to member countries experiencing balance-of-payments difficulties, giving them the breathing room needed to correct macroeconomic stability issues.25) The use of computer network tools to shut down, degrade, or manipulate critical national infrastructure (such as energy grids, banking systems, or government networks) to advance political objectives.
27) United States,United Kingdom,Franc,Russia,China
28) The intentional release or dissemination of biological agents (bacteria, viruses, insects, or toxins) to cause illness or death in humans, animals, or plants.
30) Countries argue over whether state military actions (like bombing civilian infrastructure during a conventional war) should be included under the term, or if it should apply strictly to non-state actors.
32) 19 militants associated with the extremist group al-Qaeda hijacked four commercial airplanes in the United States Two planes struck the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, one struck the Pentagon in Virginia, and a fourth crashed in a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, after passengers revolted. 33) Central Europe, East Asia, and parts of South America.
34) Acts of violence or sabotage committed against individuals or property in support of ecological, environmental, or animal rights causes.
35) Motivated by ideologies such as white supremacy, neo-Nazism, extreme nationalism, and anti-government sentiments36) A formal academic theory asserting that democratic nations almost never go to war with each other. Democracies are constrained by internal institutional checks and balances, public accountability, and shared diplomatic norms37) Providing capacity development and training to help countries build robust economic institutions.
38) Views the international system as anarchic (no global government). States are self-interested actors seeking security and power. War is an inevitable product of the "security dilemma"—when one state builds up defense, others feel threatened, leading to conflict. |
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