abu bakr
alliances with germanic tribes to the north
allowed self-government but levied heavy taxes
banking
boyars
charlemagne
christian church
craft guilds
czar
domestic
donte
excommunication
increased and kings were strengthened
insufficient wealth to carry out its religious
ivan the terrible
joan of arc
john wycliff
justinian
kievan russia
local lords
manorialism
market economy
moscow
peasants
people in towns
polovsty
pope urban ii
power and authority
princes
protection in the absence of central government
provada russika
quran
regulate trade
religious art and architecture
rus
saint benedict
scholisim
schools opened in towns and admitted any male
serf
strengthened it by keeping nobles landholdings intact after they
sunni
thomas aquites
trade with the byzantines
uthman
vassal
venecular language
vladimr i
wars and invasions by outsiders
weakened the authority of the pope
yaroslav the wise