11. what is it for a set of statements to be inconsistent?
24. what is the slippery slope fallacy?
1. define “critical thinking”
1. is personal experience reliable in revealing the truth? expl
1. the most common impediments to critical thinking can be sorte
1. what does it mean for a premise in an argument to be irreleva
1. what does it mean for two claims to conflict?
1. what is rhetoric?
1. what is the point of making an argument?
1. what is an argument?
10. are medical doctors “experts”? yes and no. explain.
10. what is an implicit premise in an argument?
10. what is confirmation bias? how can confirmation bias lead u
10. what is group pressure thinking?
10. what is it for a set of statements to be consistent?
10. what is the equivocation fallacy?
11. how is group pressure thinking an impediment to critical thi
11. provide an example of the equivocation fallacy.
11. what are some ways in which we might regard a non-expert as
11. what is a conditional statement? (p. 85)
11. what is the availability error?
12. how is voting to convict a suspect because he looks menacing
12. what is it for an inductive argument to be strong?
12. what is subjective relativism?
12. what is the antecedent of a conditional statement?
12. what is the appeal to popularity fallacy?
13. how might accepting subjective relativism get in the way of
13. provide an example of this fallacy.
13. tom cruise famously claimed that psychiatry is a harmful pse
13. what is it for an inductive inference to be strong?
13. what is the consequent of a conditional statement?
13. what is the error known as hasty generalization?
14. how has the drive to maximize profit made print and televisi
14. one pattern of reasoning is called, “affirming the anteceden
14. what are two arguments the author gives for thinking that su
14. what are two indicators of someone who is truly an expert in
14. what is the appeal to tradition fallacy?
15. what is denying the consequent or modus tollens? provide an
15. what is social relativism?
15. what is the appeal to ignorance fallacy?
15. when our senses are impaired, we have reasons to doubt it.
16. in sorting out the news, we should look out for reporter sla
16. what are some arguments against social relativism?
16. what does it mean to say that our perceptions and memory are
16. what is hypothetical syllogism?
16. what is the appeal to emotion fallacy?
17. the astronomer schiaparelli reported observing canals in mar
17. we should always consider the source. explain.
17. what is a red herring?
17. what is denying the antecedent? is this type of reasoning v
17. what is philosophical skepticism?
18. we should check for missing information. explain.
18. what could lead someone to become a philosophical skeptic?
18. what is affirming the consequent? is this type of reasoning
18. what is the straw man fallacy?
19. how could being a philosophical skeptic get in the way of cr
19. we should look for false emphasis. explain.
19. what is the two wrongs make a right fallacy?
2. how is rhetoric different from argumentation?
2. what are some ways in which our perceptual powers can become
2. what does it mean to say that critical thinking operates acco
2. what does the author mean by hindrances to critical thinking
2. what is the origin fallacy?
2. what is the point of evaluating an argument?
2. what should we do with a claim if it comes in conflict with a
2. what is a deductive argument?
20. in advertisement, we should look out for identification. wh
20. what is the begging the question fallacy?
21. we should also look out for catchy slogans. why?
21. what is the false dilemma fallacy?
22. we should always look out for misleading comparisons. provi
22. what is the decision point fallacy?
23. why is a decision point argument fallacious?
25. what is the faulty analogy fallacy?
3. arguments come in two forms—deductive and inductive. how doe
3. provide an example of the origin fallacy.
3. what does the author mean by “background information”?
3. what is an inductive argument?
3. what is an innuendo?
3. what is self-interested thinking? how can self-interested th
3. what is the phenomenon known as pareidolia? (p.138)
3. what is the sense in which critical thinking is broader than
4. here is claim: some babies can bench-press a five hundred po
4. how is seeing jesus on a tortilla an instance of pareidolia?
4. what are some factors that might lead us to self-interested t
4. what is a euphemism? provide examples.
4. what is the composition fallacy?
4. what is the difference between mere persuading and reasoning?
4. what is the key difference between an inductive argument and
4. what is the sense in which being a critical thinker allows on
5. according to the author, if a class has 23 students, what are
5. how can the need to save face have on effect on the way we th
5. how does background information constrain the kinds of claims
5. provide an example of the composition fallacy.
5. what does it mean for a deductive argument to be valid?
5. what is a dysphemism? provide examples.
5. what is a statement? (p. 9)
5. what is a valid deductive argument?
6. can a valid deductive argument ever have a false conclusion?
6. what are reasons?
6. what does it mean for an inductive argument to be strong?
6. what does it mean to proportion of belief to the evidence?
6. what exactly is wrong with self-interested thinking?
6. what is a stereotype?
6. what is the division fallacy?
6. what is the gambler’s fallacy?
7. can a valid deductive argument have all false premises yet a
7. provide an example of the division fallacy.
7. tommy morrison, former boxer, was diagnosed with hiv but late
7. what is an argument?
7. what is it for an inductive argument to be cogent?
7. what is ridicule? how can ridicule be used as a substitute f
7. what is the lesson we should take from the fact that we are s
7. why is it legitimate to rely on the information that comes fr
8. here is a principle: if a claim conflicts with expert opinio
8. list some common premise indicators
8. we are all guilty of fooling ourselves and not giving evidenc
8. what is a rhetorical definition?
8. what is a sound deductive argument?
8. what is the appeal to the person (or ad hominem) fallacy?
8. what logical conclusion can you draw from the fact that a val
9. can a sound deductive argument ever have a false conclusion?
9. george w. bush claims that he knew that the right thing to do
9. list some common conclusion indicators
9. provide an example of the ad hominem.
9. what are the 4 steps we should take when we are trying to ide
9. what is a lexical definition?
9. what is the fallacy known as “the appeal to authority”?
9. what is wrong with selectively paying attention to the eviden
hat is “passive reporting”? why is this type of reporting not c